Ethyl Orthosilicate: A Comprehensive Guide
Ethyl orthosilicate (EOS), also known as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), is an organosilicon compound with the chemical formula Si(OC2H5)4. It is a colorless liquid that readily hydrolyzes to form silicon dioxide (SiO2) and ethanol (C2H5OH). EOS is commonly used as a precursor for the synthesis of silica-based materials, such as glass, ceramics, and coatings. In this article, we will explore the properties, applications, and manufacturing of EOS.
Properties of EOS
EOS has a molecular weight of 208.33 g/mol and a boiling point of 168 °C. It is soluble in organic solvents, such as ethanol, toluene, and hexane, but insoluble in water. The compound has a refractive index of 1.38 and a density of 0.93 g/mL. EOS is highly reactive towards water, acids, and bases, and should be handled with care.
Applications of EOS
EOS has a wide range of applications in various industries, including electronics, construction, coatings, and personal care. One of the most common uses of EOS is as a precursor for the synthesis of silica-based materials. When EOS is hydrolyzed in the presence of water and a catalyst, it forms silica particles that can be used to make glass, ceramics, and coatings. The size and shape of the silica particles can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions, such as the pH, temperature, and stirring speed.
In the electronics industry, EOS is used as a dopant for silicon dioxide films in semiconductor devices. It can also be used as a binder for copper and silver pastes in electronic circuits. In the construction industry, EOS is used as a water repellent agent for concrete and masonry. It can also be used as a binder for fiber-reinforced composites. In the coatings industry, EOS is used as a crosslinking agent for polymer coatings, such as epoxy and polyurethane. It can also be used as a surface modifier for glass and metal substrates. In the personal care industry, EOS is used as a film-forming agent for hair and skin products. It can also be used as a solubilizer for fragrances and essential oils.
Manufacturing of EOS
EOS is manufactured by the reaction of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) with ethanol (C2H5OH) in the presence of a catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4). The reaction proceeds as follows:
SiCl4 + 4 C2H5OH → Si(OC2H5)4 + 4 HCl
The crude product is then purified by distillation to remove any impurities, such as unreacted SiCl4 and ethanol. The yield of the reaction is typically around 90%, and the purity of the product can be as high as 99%.
In conclusion, ethyl orthosilicate is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in various industries. Its ability to form silica-based materials makes it an important precursor for the synthesis of glass, ceramics, and coatings. Its reactivity towards water, acids, and bases requires careful handling and storage. INNO Specialty Chemicals is a leading manufacturer and supplier of EOS from China, providing high-quality products and services to customers worldwide.
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